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Compare Andorra (2002) - Korea, South (2007)

Compare Andorra (2002) z Korea, South (2007)

 Andorra (2002)Korea, South (2007)
 AndorraKorea, South
Administrative divisions 7 parishes (parroquies, singular - parroquia); Andorra la Vella, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Escaldes-Engordany, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria 9 provinces (do, singular and plural) and 7 metropolitan cities (gwangyoksi, singular and plural)


provinces: Cheju-do, Cholla-bukto (North Cholla), Cholla-namdo (South Cholla), Ch'ungch'ong-bukto (North Ch'ungch'ong), Ch'ungch'ong-namdo (South Ch'ungch'ong), Kangwon-do, Kyonggi-do, Kyongsang-bukto (North Kyongsang), Kyongsang-namdo (South Kyongsang)


metropolitan cities: Inch'on-gwangyoksi (Inch'on), Kwangju-gwangyoksi (Kwangju), Pusan-gwangyoksi (Pusan), Soul-t'ukpyolsi (Seoul), Taegu-gwangyoksi (Taegu), Taejon-gwangyoksi (Taejon), Ulsan-gwangyoksi (Ulsan)
Age structure 0-14 years: 15.2% (male 5,456; female 4,951)


15-64 years: 71.9% (male 25,855; female 23,311)


65 years and over: 12.9% (male 4,425; female 4,405) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 18.3% (male 4,714,103/female 4,262,873)


15-64 years: 72.1% (male 18,004,719/female 17,346,594)


65 years and over: 9.6% (male 1,921,803/female 2,794,698) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, vegetables; sheep rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish
Airports none (2001) 105 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 68


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 21


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 11


under 914 m: 19 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 37


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 34 (2007)
Area total: 468 sq km


land: 468 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 98,480 sq km


land: 98,190 sq km


water: 290 sq km
Area - comparative 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than Indiana
Background For 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, Andorrans lived under a unique co-principality, ruled by the French chief of state and the Spanish bishop of Urgel. In 1993, this feudal system was modified with the titular heads of state retained, but the government transformed into a parliamentary democracy. Long isolated and impoverished, mountainous Andorra achieved considerable prosperity since World War II through its tourist industry. Many immigrants (legal and illegal) are attracted to the thriving economy with its lack of income taxes. An independent Korean state or collection of states has existed almost continuously for several millennia. Between its initial unification in the 7th century - from three predecessor Korean states - until the 20th century, Korea existed as a single independent country. In 1905, following the Russo-Japanese War, Korea became a protectorate of imperial Japan, and in 1910 it was annexed as a colony. Korea regained its independence following Japan's surrender to the United States in 1945. After World War II, a Republic of Korea (ROK) was set up in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula while a Communist-style government was installed in the north (the DPRK). During the Korean War (1950-53), US troops and UN forces fought alongside soldiers from the ROK to defend South Korea from DPRK attacks supported by China and the Soviet Union. An armistice was signed in 1953, splitting the peninsula along a demilitarized zone at about the 38th parallel. Thereafter, South Korea achieved rapid economic growth with per capita income rising to roughly 14 times the level of North Korea. In 1993, KIM Young-sam became South Korea's first civilian president following 32 years of military rule. South Korea today is a fully functioning modern democracy. In June 2000, a historic first North-South summit took place between the South's President KIM Dae-jung and the North's leader KIM Jong Il.
Birth rate 9.97 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 9.93 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues: $385 million


expenditures: $342 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997)
revenues: $219.5 billion


expenditures: $215.7 billion (2006 est.)
Capital Andorra la Vella name: Seoul


geographic coordinates: 37 33 N, 126 59 E


time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 2,413 km
Constitution Andorra's first written constitution was drafted in 1991; approved by referendum 14 March 1993; came into force 4 May 1993 17 July 1948; note - amended or rewritten nine times; current constitution approved on 29 October 1987
Country name conventional long form: Principality of Andorra


conventional short form: Andorra


local long form: Principat d'Andorra


local short form: Andorra
conventional long form: Republic of Korea


conventional short form: South Korea


local long form: Taehan-min'guk


local short form: Han'guk


abbreviation: ROK
Currency euro (EUR); French franc (FRF); Spanish peseta (ESP) -
Death rate 5.57 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 5.99 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $NA $187.2 billion (2006 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Andorra; the US Ambassador to Spain is accredited to Andorra; US interests in Andorra are represented by the Consulate General's office in Barcelona (Spain); mailing address: Paseo Reina Elisenda, 23, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; telephone: (3493) 280-2227; FAX: (3493) 205-7705 chief of mission: Ambassador Alexander VERSHBOW


embassy: 32 Sejong-no, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-710


mailing address: US Embassy Seoul, APO AP 96205-5550


telephone: [82] (2) 397-4114


FAX: [82] (2) 738-8845
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Jelena V. PIA-COMELLA


chancery: 2 United Nations Plaza, 25th Floor, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 750-8064


FAX: [1] (212) 750-6630
chief of mission: Ambassador LEE Tae-sik


chancery: 2450 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 939-5600


FAX: [1] (202) 387-0205


consulate(s) general: Agana (Guam), Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, Seattle
Disputes - international border is undemarcated in sections Military Demarcation Line within the 4-km wide Demilitarized Zone has separated North from South Korea since 1953; periodic incidents with North Korea in the Yellow Sea over the Northern Limiting Line, which South Korea claims as a maritime boundary; South Korea and Japan claim Liancourt Rocks (Tok-do/Take-shima), occupied by South Korea since 1954
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $744 million (2005)
Economic aid - recipient none -
Economy - overview Tourism, the mainstay of Andorra's tiny, well-to-do economy, accounts for roughly 80% of GDP. An estimated 9 million tourists visit annually, attracted by Andorra's duty-free status and by its summer and winter resorts. Andorra's comparative advantage has recently eroded as the economies of neighboring France and Spain have been opened up, providing broader availability of goods and lower tariffs. The banking sector, with its "tax haven" status, also contributes substantially to the economy. Agricultural production is limited - only 2% of the land is arable - and most food has to be imported. The principal livestock activity is sheep raising. Manufacturing output consists mainly of cigarettes, cigars, and furniture. Andorra is a member of the EU Customs Union and is treated as an EU member for trade in manufactured goods (no tariffs) and as a non-EU member for agricultural products. Since the 1960s, South Korea has achieved an incredible record of growth and integration into the high-tech modern world economy. Four decades ago, GDP per capita was comparable with levels in the poorer countries of Africa and Asia. In 2004, South Korea joined the trillion dollar club of world economies. Today its GDP per capita is equal to the lesser economies of the EU. This success was achieved by a system of close government/business ties, including directed credit, import restrictions, sponsorship of specific industries, and a strong labor effort. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. The Asian financial crisis of 1997-99 exposed longstanding weaknesses in South Korea's development model, including high debt/equity ratios, massive foreign borrowing, and an undisciplined financial sector. GDP plunged by 6.9% in 1998, then recovered by 9.5% in 1999 and 8.5% in 2000. Growth fell back to 3.3% in 2001 because of the slowing global economy, falling exports, and the perception that much-needed corporate and financial reforms had stalled. Led by consumer spending and exports, growth in 2002 was an impressive 7%, despite anemic global growth. Between 2003 and 2006, growth moderated to about 4-5%. A downturn in consumer spending was offset by rapid export growth. Moderate inflation, low unemployment, an export surplus, and fairly equal distribution of income characterize this solid economy.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 352.5 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports NA kWh 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports NA kWh


note: most electricity supplied by Spain and France; Andorra generates a small amount of hydropower
0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production - 366.2 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: NA%


hydro: NA%


nuclear: NA%


other: NA%
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Riu Runer 840 m


highest point: Coma Pedrosa 2,946 m
lowest point: Sea of Japan 0 m


highest point: Halla-san 1,950 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; overgrazing of mountain meadows contributes to soil erosion; air pollution; wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal air pollution in large cities; acid rain; water pollution from the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents; drift net fishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Hazardous Wastes


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998) homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
Exchange rates euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997); Spanish pesetas per US dollar - 149.40 (1998), 146.41 (1997) South Korean won per US dollar - 955.3 (2006), 1,024.1 (2005), 1,145.3 (2004), 1,191.6 (2003), 1,251.1 (2002)
Executive branch chief of state: French Coprince Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by Frederic de SAINT-SERNIN (since NA); Spanish Coprince Episcopal Monseigneur Joan Marti ALANIS (since 31 January 1971), represented by Nemesi MARQUES OSTE (since NA)


head of government: Executive Council President Marc FORNE Molne (since 21 December 1994)


cabinet: Executive Council or Govern designated by the Executive Council president


elections: Executive Council president elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the coprinces for a four-year term; election last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: Marc FORNE Molne elected executive council president; percent of General Council vote - NA%
chief of state: President ROH Moo-hyun (since 25 February 2003)


head of government: Prime Minister HAN Duck-soo (since 2 April 2007); Deputy Prime Ministers KIM Woo-sik (since 10 February 2006); KWON O-kyu (since 18 July 2006); KIM Shin-il (since 20 September 2006)


cabinet: State Council appointed by the president on the prime minister's recommendation


elections: president elected by popular vote for a single five-year term; election last held 19 December 2002 (next to be held on 19 December 2007); prime minister appointed by president with consent of National Assembly; deputy prime ministers appointed by president on prime minister's recommendation


election results: ROH Moo-hyun elected president; percent of vote - ROH Moo-hyun (MDP) 48.9%; LEE Hoi-chang (GNP) 46.6%; other 4.5%
Exports $58 million f.o.b. (1998) 644,100 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities tobacco products, furniture semiconductors, wireless telecommunications equipment, motor vehicles, computers, steel, ships, petrochemicals
Exports - partners France 34%, Spain 58% (1998) China 21.3%, US 13.3%, Japan 8.1%, Hong Kong 5.9% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field
GDP purchasing power parity - $1.3 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
agriculture: 3.2%


industry: 39.6%


services: 57.2% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $19,000 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.8% (2000 est.) 5% (2006 est.)
Geographic coordinates 42 30 N, 1 30 E 37 00 N, 127 30 E
Geography - note landlocked; straddles a number of important crossroads in the Pyrenees strategic location on Korea Strait
Heliports - 536 (2007)
Highways total: 269 km


paved: 198 km


unpaved: 71 km (1994 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 2.9%


highest 10%: 25% (2005 est.)
Imports $1.077 billion (1998) 2.83 million bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities consumer goods, food, electricity machinery, electronics and electronic equipment, oil, steel, transport equipment, organic chemicals, plastics
Imports - partners Spain 48%, France 35%, US 2.3% (1998) Japan 16.8%, China 15.7%, US 11%, Saudi Arabia 6.7%, UAE 4.2% (2006)
Independence 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel) 15 August 1945 (from Japan)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8% (2006 est.)
Industries tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, tobacco, banking electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel
Infant mortality rate 4.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 6.05 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 6.43 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 5.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.3% (2000) 2.2% (2006 est.)
International organization participation CCC, CE, ECE, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OSCE, UN, UNESCO, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO (observer) AfDB, APEC, APT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA, MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 8,780 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Tribunal of Judges or Tribunal de Batlles; Tribunal of the Courts or Tribunal de Corts; Supreme Court of Justice of Andorra or Tribunal Superior de Justicia d'Andorra; Supreme Council of Justice or Consell Superior de la Justicia; Fiscal Ministry or Ministeri Fiscal; Constitutional Tribunal or Tribunal Constitucional Supreme Court (justices appointed by president with consent of National Assembly); Constitutional Court (justices appointed by president based partly on nominations by National Assembly and Chief Justice of the court)
Labor force 33,000 (2001 est.) 23.98 million (2006 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 1%, industry 21%, services 78% (2000 est.) agriculture: 6.4%


industry: 26.4%


services: 67.2% (2006 est.)
Land boundaries total: 120.3 km


border countries: France 56.6 km, Spain 63.7 km
total: 238 km


border countries: North Korea 238 km
Land use arable land: 2.22%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 97.78% (1998 est.)
arable land: 16.58%


permanent crops: 2.01%


other: 81.41% (2005)
Languages Catalan (official), French, Castilian, Portuguese Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high school
Legal system based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral General Council of the Valleys or Consell General de las Valls (28 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote, 14 from a single national constituency and 14 to represent each of the 7 parishes; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 4 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLA 46.1%, PSD 30%, PD 23.8%, other 0.1%; seats by party - PLA 15, PSD 6, PD 5, independents 2
unicameral National Assembly or Kukhoe (299 seats; 243 members elected in single-seat constituencies, 56 elected by proportional representation; to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 15 April 2004 (next to be held in April 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - Uri 51%, GNP 41%, DLP 3%, DP 3%, others 2%; seats by party - Uri 141, GNP 127, DP 12, DLP 9, PFP 5, independents 5


note: percent of vote is for 2004 general election; seats by party reflect results of 2005 and 2006 by-elections; MDP became DP in May 2005; United Liberal Democrats (ULD) merged with GNP in February 2006
Life expectancy at birth total population: 83.48 years


male: 80.58 years


female: 86.58 years (2002 est.)
total population: 77.23 years


male: 73.81 years


female: 80.93 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition: NA


total population: 100%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97.9%


male: 99.2%


female: 96.6% (2002)
Location Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea
Map references Europe Asia
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the Korea Strait


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: not specified
Merchant marine - total: 738 ships (1000 GRT or over) 10,636,466 GRT/17,371,943 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 187, cargo 202, carrier 1, chemical tanker 119, container 81, liquefied gas 26, passenger 5, passenger/cargo 21, petroleum tanker 57, refrigerated cargo 19, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 4, vehicle carrier 8


foreign-owned: 22 (China 2, France 8, Japan 1, Sweden 2, UK 1, US 7, Vietnam 1)


registered in other countries: 386 (Belize 4, Cambodia 29, China 1, Cyprus 2, Greece 2, Honduras 6, Hong Kong 6, Indonesia 1, Liberia 4, Malta 3, Marshall Islands 3, Netherlands 1, Panama 316, Russia 1, Singapore 7, unknown 4) (2007)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of France and Spain -
Military branches no regular military forces, but there is a police force Army, Navy, Republic of Korea Air Force (Han-guk Kong Goon), Marine Corps, National Maritime Police (coast guard) (2006)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 2.7% (2006)
National holiday Our Lady of Meritxell Day, 8 September (1278) Liberation Day, 15 August (1945)
Nationality noun: Andorran(s)


adjective: Andorran
noun: Korean(s)


adjective: Korean
Natural hazards avalanches occasional typhoons bring high winds and floods; low-level seismic activity common in southwest
Natural resources hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, hydropower potential
Net migration rate 6.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines - gas 1,482 km; refined products 827 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party or PD (formerly part of National Democratic Group or AND) [leader NA]; Liberal Party of Andorra or PLA [Marc Forne MOLNE] (used to be Liberal Union or UL); National Democratic Initiative or IDN [Vincenc MATEU Zamora]; New Democracy or ND [Jaume BARTOMEU Cassany]; Social Democratic Party or PSD (formerly part of National Democratic Group of AND) [leader NA]; Union of the People of Ordino (Unio Parroquial d'Ordino) or UPO [Simo DURO Coma]


note: there are two other small parties
Democratic Labor Party or DLP [MOON Seong-hyun]; Democratic Party or DP [PARK Sang-chun]; Grand National Party or GNP [KANG Jae-sup]; People-First Party or PFP [SHIN Kook-hwan and SIM Dae-pyung]; Uri Party [Chung Sye-kyun]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Federation of Korean Industries; Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean National Council of Churches; Korean Traders Association; Korean Veterans' Association; National Council of Labor Unions; National Democratic Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Farmers' Associations; National Federation of Student Associations
Population 68,403 (July 2002 est.) 49,044,790 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 15% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate 1.11% (2002 est.) 0.394% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors none -
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 15, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 61, FM 150, shortwave 2 (2005)
Radios 16,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km total: 3,472 km


standard gauge: 3,472 km 1.435-m gauge (1,342 km electrified) (2006)
Religions Roman Catholic (predominant) Christian 26.3% (Protestant 19.7%, Roman Catholic 6.6%), Buddhist 23.2%, other or unknown 1.3%, none 49.3% (1995 census)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female


total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.106 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.038 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.688 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 19 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges


international: landline circuits to France and Spain
general assessment: excellent domestic and international services


domestic: NA


international: country code - 82; numerous submarine cables provide links throughout Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe, and US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 3 Inmarsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 32,946 (December 1998) 26.866 million (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 14,117 (December 1998) 40.197 million (2006)
Television broadcast stations 0 (1997) 43 (plus 59 cable operators and 190 relay cable operators) (2005)
Terrain rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south
Total fertility rate 1.26 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.28 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 0% 3.3% (2006 est.)
Waterways none 1,608 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2007)
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